新闻采写要领与技巧
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 351.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">第一部分<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>新闻的一般知识<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、新闻定义：新闻是新近发生事实的报道。（形式）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">新闻是新近事实变动的信息。（实质）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、新闻的基本特点：真实、新鲜。“狗咬人不是新闻，人咬狗才是新闻。”<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、新闻的要素：<span lang="EN-US">5W1H</span>（什么人<span lang="EN-US">who</span>，什么时间<span lang="EN-US">when</span>，什么地方<span lang="EN-US">where</span>，什么事<span lang="EN-US">what</span>，什么原因<span lang="EN-US">why</span>，怎么样<span lang="EN-US">how</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、新闻价值：时新性<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 63pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">重要性<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 63pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">接近性（地理、心理）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 63pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">显著性（名人<span lang="EN-US">+</span>普通的事<span lang="EN-US">=</span>新闻，普通人<span lang="EN-US">+</span>不寻常的事<span lang="EN-US">=</span>新闻）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 63pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">趣味性（奇事趣闻）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、中国新闻事业的工作原则（适用于校园新闻）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">真实性<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">指导性：用新闻来宣传一定的观点，影响群众（师生）的思想，把群众（师生）引导到既定的目标上去。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">群众性：新闻应该尽量满足群众（师生）的需求。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">新闻的表现形式应该尽量为群众（师生）所喜闻乐见。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">战斗性：捍卫党和人民（师生）的利益，为传播真理而不倦地探讨。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">党性：新闻媒体是党的喉舌。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、新闻的分类：新闻一般分为消息、通讯和评论等，下面主要介绍一下消息和通讯。</span>[此贴子已经被作者于2007-11-7 23:40:28编辑过]
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">第二部分<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>消息、通讯介绍<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">消息（侧重写作角度）</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">一、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">消息的构成<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 1.8;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">消息一般是由标题、消息头、导语、主体和结尾等五部分组成的。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">请看《钱江晚报》刊登的一则建工学院的消息：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">让可乐罐变成</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">钢琴</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”<p></p></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">大学生结构设计赛开锣在即</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">本报讯</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> 浙江省第五届大学生结构设计竞赛即将开锣，浙江理工大学近日特别在校内进行了一次选拔赛。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> 据悉，本次竞赛的题目是屋盖结构模型设计与制作，要求利用指定的材料设计并制作一个空间屋盖结构模型，放置于指定的加载装置上，并在<span lang="EN-US">9</span>个指定的位置承受一定的竖向载荷。该校将根据此次选拔赛结果，推荐队伍参加<span lang="EN-US">11</span>月份在绍兴文理学院举行的浙江省第五届大学生结构设计竞赛。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> 来自该校建工学院和机控学院等在内的共<span lang="EN-US">61</span>支代表队、<span lang="EN-US">162</span>名选手参加了本次选拔赛。比赛要求选手们采用可乐罐充当设计大赛材料，既环保又经济。平淡无奇的可乐罐在选手们的巧手下变作钢琴、太阳伞等各种形状的空间屋盖结构模型。经过激烈角逐，建筑工程学院<span lang="EN-US">03</span>土木专业的童加庆等人制作的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>神雕侠铝<span lang="EN-US">”</span>以及<span lang="EN-US">04</span>工程管理专业的柳耀等人制作的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>达纳苏斯<span lang="EN-US">”</span>双双获得本次大赛的一等奖。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> 其中，<span lang="EN-US">“</span>神雕侠铝<span lang="EN-US">”</span>还获得了最佳结构奖。该屋盖结构模型采用平面桁架体系，由于远远望去，纵向肋板非常像雕的脊背，两侧屋面板在桁架的支撑下神似两片硕大的翅膀，于是取名<span lang="EN-US">“</span>神雕侠铝<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。目前获胜队伍在建工学院付军等老师的指导下积极备战，争取今年再创佳绩。</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、消息的标题<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）标题的构成：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: list 39.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">主题：是标题的核心和骨干，往往是一个完整的句子或偏正、动宾的词组，在标题<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">中字号最大，能表达一个完整的概念和意思。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、辅题：分为引题和副题。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、引题：位置在主题之前，文字少于副题，以一行为宜。常用对联式，故称肩题和眉题。可虚可实，一般是摆噱头。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">所谓实题，指表意实在、具体的标题，让人一眼就能看到“有形”的事实；虚题是指表意抽象、虚化的标题，多用于讲明道理、揭示意义，信息的确定性、指向性不够。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">1</span>：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">玩画出名 玩石上瘾</span></u></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> （引题）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">浦江人发“玩”财</span></u></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> （主题）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">引题的作用：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）交代背景，说明原因；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）揭示新闻的意义；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）烘托气氛。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">b</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、副题：位置在主题之后。一般多为实题，内容具体。字数比引题和主题多。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">副题的作用：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）补充交代新闻次重要事实；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）说明主题的根据、结果和重要的新闻要素，注释、补充、印证主题。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">2</span>：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">今起进入秋季客运期</span></u></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">
</span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（主题）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">51</span></u></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">天时间，将运<span lang="EN-US">9000</span>余人次</span></u></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（副题）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）标题的种类：单式标题和复式标题。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">单式标题是一行题，只占一行，为实题，至少应虚实结合。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">范例<span lang="EN-US">1</span>：<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>陈香梅与杭州相约中秋</u></i>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">复式标题是多行题，占两行或三行及以上。复式标题由主题和辅题组成。双行标题不可两者都是虚题。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">3</span>：<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>同是乡镇企业<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>同是晴纶起家</u></i>（引）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 47.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 4.5;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">为何一家欢乐一家愁</span></u></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（主）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">平阳毛纺织厂：注重科技投入，新品迭出，效益翻番</span></u></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（副）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">玉环毛纺总厂：盲目扩大规模，产品单一，亏损百万</span></u></i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、消息的消息头<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">即我们写在导语前面的“本报讯”、“新华社某月某日讯”等。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、消息的导语<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）导语的演变<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">消息的写作关键在于导语。导语是消息的开头，一般指开头部分的一句或几句话，或第一自然段。它用简明、生动的语言，把新闻中最重要或最新鲜的事实提炼、概括和展示在开端部分，以唤起读者的注意，继续读下去。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">4</span>：<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>我们在金属物理学家李林的北京西郊舒适的家里访问了她。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></u></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">修改稿： <span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;">“我父亲很爱我，对我要求很严格”说话的是物理研究所金相学家李林，她父亲是中国已故著名地质学家李四光。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">我们可以仔细体会修改前后的奥妙所在！<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">刚开始时，人们喜欢把新闻的六要素“<span lang="EN-US">5W1H</span>”都堆砌在导语中，称为“全型导语”，即“第一代导语”。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">5</span>：<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>今晚大约<span lang="EN-US">9</span>时半，在福特剧场，当总统正与林肯夫人、哈里斯夫人和罗斯本少校同在私人包厢中看戏的时候，有个凶手突然闯进包厢，从背后接近总统，向总统开了一枪。</u></i><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">全型导语虽有具体、完整的长处，但也显冗长、枯燥，有主次不分、眉目不清的缺陷。二次大战后“全型导语”已不适应，一些新闻工作者主张简化导语，只突出两到三个最重要的新闻要素，其余的要素移到新闻主体中去交代，这就出现了所谓的“微型导语”，即“第二代导语”。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">6</span>：<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>美联社<span lang="EN-US">1963</span>年<span lang="EN-US">11</span>月<span lang="EN-US">22</span>日消息：约翰·肯尼迪总统今天遇刺身亡。</u></i><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">而现在用的导语是第三代导语，它与第二代导语最大的区别在于：如何去突出这些“部分要素”。第三代导语极具个性化，也称“丰富型导语”。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">7</span>：<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>新华社电：今日在北京中国美术馆举行的《王大观画展》开幕。这批个人美术作品重现了<span lang="EN-US">30</span>年代北京古城的风貌。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></u></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">修改稿 ：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;">新华社北京<span lang="EN-US">7</span>月<span lang="EN-US">27</span>日电：当首都已向现代化城市迈进的时候，人们是否还记得旧日北京的风情？今天在中国美术馆开幕的《王大观画展》重现了<span lang="EN-US">30</span>年代古城的形象。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">修改后的导语巧妙地把新闻事件融于广阔时代背景下去认识，即使人们联想过去，又加深了人们对新近发生的事实的认识，从而激发读者去参观展览。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）消息导语的类型<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">直叙型导语，比如某年某月某日发生了什么事；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">描写型导语，比如以描写一个场面、一个动作或一个表情等开头；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">比喻（拟人、引典、议论）型导语，以一个比喻（拟人、典故、议论）开头；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">虚拟型导语，以一个未发生的事实作为假设，即以“如果（假如）……”开头；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">8</span>：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">如果一名大夫把日内瓦湖当作病人的话，那么他下的诊断是“严重的慢性消化不良和呼吸道感染”。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">结论型导语，以一个既成事实的结论开头；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">悬念型导语，设计一个悬念，留下一个疑问，吸引人们往下读；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">9</span>：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">人们大都因将遗失物及时送归原主赢得赞誉，但一名出租汽车司机却因没有这样做而受到表彰。今天，他荣获了三等功证书和奖金。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">对比型导语，把一事物（件）与其他事物（件）进行对比，突出这一事物（件）的重要性；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">10</span>：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">北京市民争相购买仅仅十年前还被认为是资产阶级生活方式的钢琴。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">引语型导语，引用与新闻事实有关的名人名言、诗歌、谚语等作为开头；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">“你”导语，在开头用“你”作为人称，好似与读者进行面对面交谈，娓娓道来，倍显亲切。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">11</span>：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">你想形容某种东西不值钱，可以说它“粪土不如”，可是眼下粪土在邓县却非常“金贵”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">4</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、消息的主体<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">主体的任务是：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）对导语里提到的各个事实加以阐述，使它们更加清晰起来。<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></u></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）补充导语未提到的次要材料。随着新闻的展开五个<span lang="EN-US">W</span>和一个<span lang="EN-US">H</span>变得更加明确，变化更清楚，新闻根据更确凿。<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">5</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、消息的背景<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">消息背景的几种情况：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）对新闻事件本身进行解释，说明事件的意义、影响、起因、后果；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）对新闻事件所涉及到的人物、事物、周围环境作必要的解释；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">比如上学期我校金永玲教授在学校连演三场红色歌剧《江姐》这则消息，除了本身事件外，我们在写作时就在中间穿插了金永玲本人及其金永玲艺术团的介绍，凸显出新闻的意义。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">在一般的校园新闻里，我们经常要作的一种解释是人物解释，比如聘请兼职教授时，往往需要在消息中交代这位兼职教授的一些背景。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）对消息中出现的新名词、新概念和技术术语进行解释。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">消息背景一般以“天女散花式”穿插在消息的各个部分。天女散花式：将较多的背景材<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">料化整为零，逐渐地、分散地插入对主题事实的叙述之中。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、消息的结尾<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">消息结尾的形式：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）总结式：有归纳式、议论式、点题式几种情况；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）提问式：延伸消息事实或借题发挥，在结尾提出值得深思的问题；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）背景式：或用比较的方法，或用统计的方法（由点上的情况推广到面上的情况），或用补叙的方法。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">另外还有描写式、呼吁式、引语式、预见式等形式。要注意的是写消息不要为结尾而结尾，可能当你苦思冥想结尾的时候，结尾已经存在了。消息还是自然为好，有时强加一个结尾，反而给人一种画蛇添足感觉。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">二、消息的类型<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">长消息：<span lang="EN-US">700</span>—<span lang="EN-US">800</span>字；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">短消息：<span lang="EN-US">500</span>字左右，以三五百字以内为多见；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">简讯：一般几十个字，百字上下。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">三、消息的结构<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">常见的有两种：倒金字塔和钻石体。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）倒字塔结构：按照新闻事实的重要顺序，把最重要的新闻事实放在第一段，次重要的放在第二段，依次类推。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">这种结构往往采用断裂行文，段与段之间不需要有很强的连接关系，一段交代一个新闻事实，按照重要性排列。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）钻石体结构：先介绍点上的情况，再铺开介绍面上的情况，最后又回到点上的情况进行升华。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" opreferrelative="t" ospt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path oconnecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" oextrusionok="f"></path><lock aspectratio="t" vext="edit"></lock></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_i1025" fillcolor="window" oole="" type="#_x0000_t75" style="WIDTH: 56.25pt; 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<imagedata otitle="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\mhx\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.wmz"></imagedata></shape><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">倒字塔结构<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>钻石体结构<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">四、消息写作的语言特点：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">具体 </b>在一定量的语言符号中间，必须含有一定量的实在可感的信息内涵。即要消灭空话套话。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">13</span>：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">第<span lang="EN-US">32</span>届奥运会火炬今天在欢乐友谊的气氛中熄灭。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">随着深沉、深厚的乐曲，今天奥运会火炬渐渐熄灭了。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">今天，奥林匹克火焰由当地煤气公司的一名雇员扭动开关而熄灭。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">一、二两则导语显得较空洞，不如第三则具体。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">14</span>：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">上海市工业系统创优产品展览会昨日在上海工业展览馆正式展出。这次展览，将促进工厂企业生产更多的优质产品，进一步推动“创优”活动的深入开展，使“质量第一”的方针更加深入人心，把工业生产切实转到“质量第一”的轨道上来。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">这则导语除了第一句含有一定的信息量外，其余的几乎是空话套话，如同鸡肋。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">如何做到具体？<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、用能说明问题的事例和细节来取代抽象笼统的概念。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">15</span>：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">掌声持续达<span lang="EN-US">10</span>分钟——掌声雷动<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">气温高达<span lang="EN-US">38</span>摄氏度——天气很热<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、少用母概念，多用子概念。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">16</span>：一个人正在吃东西。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一个孩子正在吃水果。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一个婴儿正在吮杨梅。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">准确<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">怎样才能做到准确？<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、使用含义确切、明晰的字词句，不用含混不清、摸棱两可、笼统的词语。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">17</span>：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一位青年今天在一次爆炸事故中受伤。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">今天，一名高中生在一次爆炸事故中失去了右眼和右手大拇指。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">消息写作中，要尽量避免“不久前”、“长期以来”、“最近”等打马虎眼的时间概念，不用“许多”、“难以计数”等笼统的词语，不用“大概”“差不多”、“也许”等摸棱两可的词句。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、慎用形容词。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">18</span>：<span lang="EN-US">1951</span>年五一节的一篇“首都八十万人大示威”报道：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">城区的<span lang="EN-US">60</span>万人民，从清晨起就唱着雄壮的抗美援朝歌曲，高举着鲜艳的红旗，抬者彩色的各国人民领袖像、各种各样的图表和模型，从工厂、商店、学校、机关、营房、住宅汇集到宽阔的绿色的<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">林荫马路</b>上，准备通过<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">红色的</b>天安门广场。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、力求避免语法、修辞、逻辑、标点等方面的错误。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">D</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、不能随意简略、滥用简称，不可生造词语。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">简洁 </b>让读者在有限的语言符号内，花尽可能少的时间获得尽可能多的信息。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">如何做到简洁？<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、写作时要意惟期多，字惟求少，字斟句酌。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、要精心修改，反复推敲，将可有可无的字、句删去。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、尽可能用短句子、短段落。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">通俗</b><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">如何做到通俗？<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、用字谴词造句，应雅俗共赏。尽可能不用生疏的词和生疏的字。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、处理好专业性、技术性较强的语言，做好翻译解释工作。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">一方面，要对专业性、技术性很强的报道内容和名词术语作些解释、说明，不要照搬照抄到消息中去；另一方面，应在消息中运用恰当的比喻来说明专业性、技术性强的事实。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">19</span>：上海制成高级玻璃纤维丝的报道。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在上海一个工业研究所的试验室里，最近安装了一台有趣的机器。它能够像家蚕一样连续不断地吐出一缕缕洁白柔软的细丝。这是比家蚕还要细得多的玻璃纤维丝。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、尽量采用群众口语中的新鲜活泼的语言，但不要乱用方言土语。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">生动 </b>写得新鲜活泼，富有形象性。</span> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">第二部分<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>消息、通讯介绍</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"></span>通讯</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">通讯有事件通讯、人物通讯和工作通讯等，但一般大家接触最多的可能是人物通讯，比如采访一位知名教授或有特色有故事的学生。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">关于人物通讯采写：搜集人物资料<span lang="EN-US">/</span>写作两种形式（一问一答式和第三人称介绍式）<span lang="EN-US">/</span>开头一般需要有人物的背景介绍<span lang="EN-US">/</span>要抓住人物身上的闪光点，写出人物的个性和特色<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、通讯的三性<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">人们常说文无定法，写通讯也没有什么固定的规格和模式，但就通讯这种新闻体裁来讲，相对也有内在的规律和特点。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）新闻性，它是一种报道性的新闻文体，通讯中所报道的人应该是新闻人物，报道的事应该是新闻事件。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）形象性，通过形象的印象和感受，使读者受到感染。做到如闻其声、如见其人、如临其境。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）评论性，通讯不仅叙事，还可通过议论、抒情的手法表明作者的倾向，表现作者明显的感情色彩。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、通讯与消息区别<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）通讯这种新闻文体对所报道的客观事物，比较消息更详细、更生动、更完整。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）通讯写作内容是新近发生的，对广大读者具有启发意义和广泛兴趣的事实（包括事件及人物）。消息的时效性强于通讯。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）从内容上说，消息侧重报道事件（记事），通讯主要用来宣传人物。通讯以宣传人物为主，围绕人物写事件。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）从时空观点看，消息主要报道某事件，在它发生的那个时间与空间里的事实。通讯不但较完整报道一定时间和空间里的人物及事件，而且允许采用超越这一空间与时间的有关的其它材料。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）从篇幅来看，消息一般比较通讯短小精悍。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">（<span lang="EN-US">6</span>）消息与通讯的区别还在于，消息并不要求五个“<span lang="EN-US">W</span>”俱全，而通讯则缺一不可。消息多用倒金字塔结构，这样，读者只要读完导语，就可以知道新闻的要旨和梗概，而通讯不尽然，读者须读完全文才感满足。</span> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">第三部分<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>通讯员写稿中常见问题分析及要求<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">一、问题<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、校领导、学院领导的职务和名字不能写错，秩序排名不能弄错。理工要闻和校报一版原则上只能出现校领导的名字，部门、学院领导名字不出现。校园快讯另论。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、写作过程中的一些大话套话尽量避免。因为一些普通事件的目的和意义是人们在看了我们的新闻后自然而然就会得出的结论，不需要我们去点明、去评论。要客观报道，少下结论，新闻中不要夹带过多的主观判断和个人情感。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、标题不要不做，做得不漂亮不要紧，但是你所提供的新闻必须有标题。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、采访时注意礼貌。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、采访时最好带上录音笔或<span lang="EN-US">MP3</span>进行录音。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、时间概念具体到上午或下午即可，如“<span lang="EN-US">10</span>月<span lang="EN-US">25</span>日晚上”，具体几点几分不需要写出来，除非这一时间点有特殊意义。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、建立审稿制度，普通稿件辅导员把关，重要稿件学院党总支书记亲自把关。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、提供的新闻照片不要粘贴在<span lang="EN-US">word</span>里。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">二、要求<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、关注国际国内形势、关注学校和学院的改革发展、关心身边老师和同学的点滴。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、不断培养自身的新闻敏感，发掘身边的亮点，比如和国际国内形势紧密结合的，或者是有别于其他学院做法的有创新意义的，这些就是重大新闻。平日的所见所闻都要想一想，它是否具备了新闻的条件（主要是重要性、典型性、时新性、真实性等），它是否值得报道。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、请大家经常阅读校报和校外报纸，浏览我们的校园新闻网，学习体会新闻写作方法与技巧，不断总结提高。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、平时多动笔写写，只有多写多实践才能写出好新闻来。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">例<span lang="EN-US">20</span>：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">诚信考试<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>诚实做人<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">**</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">学院新生召开考前备战主题班会<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">随着期末考试的临近，考试的紧张气氛日渐浓重，为营造良好的考试氛围，推进我院的考风考纪建设。近日，<span lang="EN-US">**</span>学院<span lang="EN-US">04</span>级各班纷纷召开了以<span lang="EN-US">“</span>诚信考试，诚实做人<span lang="EN-US">”</span>为主题的期末考前备战主题班会。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">孟子曰：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>车无辕而不行，人无信则不立。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>诚实守信是中华民族的优良传统，更是大学生必备的思想道德品质。作弊不仅是对自己能力的否定和蔑视，更是对学校学术风气的亵渎；作弊者不仅丢掉了学位，更丢掉了自己的诚信。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">在活动中，各班总结了期中考试的不足之处，制定了班级复习计划及目标，争取在考前一个月的时间里发扬团结友爱、互相帮助的良好品质，用良好的学风带动全班同学，使班级整体学习水平在期末考试时能更上一个台阶。同时严格遵守前段时间签定的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>诚信协议书<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的有关规定，真正做到<span lang="EN-US">“</span>诚信考试，诚实做人<span lang="EN-US">”</span>，以优秀的成绩回报父母、回报社会，以出色的表现共同塑造浙江理工大学学子的良好形象。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">修改稿：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">诚信考试<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>诚实做人<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">**</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">学院新生召开考前备战主题班会<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">近日，<span lang="EN-US">**</span>学院<span lang="EN-US">04</span>级各班召开了以<span lang="EN-US">“</span>诚信考试，诚实做人<span lang="EN-US">”</span>为主题的期末考前备战主题班会。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">在活动中，各班总结了期中考试的不足，制定了班级复习计划，表示将发扬团结友爱、互相帮助的优良学风，使班级整体学习水平更上一个台阶；同时将严格遵守前段时间签定的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>诚信协议书<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的有关规定，做到<span lang="EN-US">“</span>诚信考试，诚实做人<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> 比较长哦，热爱新闻工作，有志于从事新闻工作的可以仔细读读：） ~~~~棒的，收藏了 琢磨琢磨 路过，留个脚印，，我看不明白这玩意，代码太多
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